08. Urban Livelihood Class 6 NCERT Notes for Chapter 8 Social Science – Civics

Welcome to Urban Livelihood Class 6 NCERT Notes of Chapter 1 Social Science – Civics specially created by padhaiguru.in.

Introduction: Urban Life and Work

India is home to numerous towns and big cities, each bustling with activity and diversity. From Chennai to Mumbai, Delhi to Kolkata, these cities are teeming with over a million residents each. Let’s delve into the world of urban livelihoods and discover the various ways people earn a living in these vibrant urban centers.

Working on the Streets: A Glimpse of Urban Commerce

1. Street Scenes: Cities wake up early and never sleep. Walking down the streets reveals a tapestry of activities: vegetable vendors arranging produce, flower stalls attracting customers, newspaper sellers drawing readers, and more.
2. Diverse Street Jobs: The city streets are filled with a variety of workers – cobblers, barbers, cart pushers, and rickshaw pullers. Each person is engaged in their unique occupation, contributing to the city’s dynamics.
3. Bachchu Manjhi’s Story: Bachchu Manjhi, a cycle-rickshaw puller, shares his journey from a village in Bihar to urban life. He supports his family by providing transportation services on his rickshaw, showcasing the challenges and uncertainties of this livelihood.

Understanding Street Vendors and Their Lives

1. Street Vendors’ Work: Many city dwellers engage in street vending, selling goods and services. They plan, prepare, and set up their makeshift shops, facing the constant threat of being asked to leave by authorities.
2. Organizing Commerce: Street vendors, often selling homemade items, exhibit creativity in setting up their stalls. The government recognizes their rights and considers creating hawking zones to balance business and traffic.

urban livelihood class 6 notes.

Exploring Markets and Business Ventures

1. Vibrant Markets: Markets are at the heart of urban commerce, with diverse shops selling clothes, electronics, toys, and more. Permanent shops run by businesspeople offer a wide array of products.
2. Harpreet and Vandana’s Success: Harpreet and Vandana share their journey of starting a garment showroom. They discuss sourcing materials, marketing strategies, and their goal of expanding their business.

Factories and Workshops: Casual Labor and Challenges

1. Casual Labor: Factory areas are filled with small workshops where casual laborers, like Nirmala, work. They often have irregular employment, facing low pay, long hours, and poor working conditions.
2. Daily Wage Workers: Labor chowks are where daily wage workers gather, seeking employment as helpers to masons, construction workers, or in various manual tasks. They face uncertainty and lack of job security.

Call Centers: A New Form of Employment

1. Call Centers: Call centers have become prominent in urban areas, offering customer service to global consumers. India serves as a hub for these centers due to its English-speaking workforce and cost-effective labor.
2. Office Life: Permanent jobs in offices offer stability, regular salaries, and benefits like medical facilities and holidays. Unlike casual labor, these workers enjoy a sense of security and a structured routine.

Conclusion: urban livelihood

Urban life is a bustling amalgamation of diverse livelihoods, from street vendors to business owners, factory workers to office employees. Each individual contributes to the intricate fabric of the city, creating a dynamic and interconnected ecosystem.

Keywords and Definitions

1. Urban Livelihoods: The various ways people earn a living in urban areas, encompassing street vending, formal employment, and business ventures.
2. Street Vendors: Individuals who sell goods or services on the streets, often using temporary setups or stalls.
3. Casual Labor: Workers who are employed on an irregular basis, with no fixed work hours or job security.
4. Call Centers: Centralized offices that handle customer queries and services via telephone or online communication.
5. Permanent Employment: A type of job that offers stability, regular salary, benefits, and job security.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for Urban livelihood

1. Why did Bachchu Manjhi move to the city?

Bachchu Manjhi moved to the city seeking better employment opportunities, as his village did not provide consistent work and sufficient income.

2. Why can’t Bachchu Manjhi live with his family?

Bachchu Manjhi’s family lives in the village, as they cannot afford permanent accommodation in the city and he can’t provide them with suitable living conditions.

3. How do street vendors organize their work?

Street vendors plan their work by selecting products to sell, preparing them at home, arranging stalls or setups on the streets, and interacting with potential customers to make sales.

4. Why does Bachchu Manjhi hesitate to take a day off from work?

Bachchu Manjhi hesitates to take a day off because he earns on a daily basis, and any day off means a loss of income that his family relies on.

5. What are some challenges faced by casual workers like Nirmala?

Casual workers face challenges like irregular employment, long working hours, low pay, lack of job security, and poor working conditions.

6. How do permanent jobs differ from casual jobs?

Permanent jobs offer stability, regular salaries, benefits, and job security, while casual jobs lack these aspects and are often irregular in nature.

7. What benefits does Sudha enjoy as a permanent employee?

Sudha, a permanent worker, enjoys benefits like a regular salary, medical facilities, holidays, and savings for old age through a government fund.

8. What are some services provided by street vendors in markets?

Street vendors in markets offer a range of services, such as selling food, snacks, clothing, accessories, and other daily necessities.

9. How do businesses advertise and market their products in urban areas?

Businesses in urban areas advertise through newspapers, cinema theaters, television, and radio channels to attract customers and promote their products.

10. What role do labor chowks play in the lives of daily wage workers?

Labor chowks serve as gathering spots for daily wage workers seeking employment, providing a platform for them to connect with potential employers.

This was the end of ncert notes on Urban Livelihoods class 6 chapter 8 Social Science – Civics.

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