Welcome to Transportation in Animals and Plants Class 7 Science NCERT Notes for Chapter 7 CBSE

Exam Notes: Transportation in 7 Animals and Plants

Introduction

• All organisms need food, water, and oxygen for survival.
• These substances need to be transported to various parts of the body.
• Animals also need to transport wastes to parts for removal.
• In this chapter, we’ll learn about the transport of substances in animals and plants.

7.1 Circulatory System

Blood

• Blood is a fluid that flows in blood vessels.
• It transports substances like digested food, oxygen, and waste products.
• Composed of plasma, red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and platelets.
• Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, which carries oxygen.
• White blood cells fight against germs.

Heart

• The heart is an organ that acts as a pump for blood circulation.
• It has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
• The atria receive blood, and the ventricles pump it out.
• Heartbeats are rhythmic contractions and relaxations of the heart muscles.
• Heart rate is typically 70-80 beats per minute.

Blood Vessels

• Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
• Veins return carbon dioxide-rich blood to the heart.
• Valves in veins allow blood flow only towards the heart.
• Arteries have thick walls to handle high-pressure blood flow.

Pulse Rate

• The pulse rate is the number of beats per minute.
• It can be felt in various parts of the body and is typically 72-80 beats per minute at rest.

Blood Donation

• Voluntary blood donation is crucial to save lives.
• Blood can be donated at authorized places like hospitals and blood banks.

7.2 Excretion in Animals

• Excretion is the removal of waste products from the body.
• The excretory system in humans includes kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
• Kidneys filter waste from the blood, and the waste is eliminated as urine.
• Excretion also includes the removal of salts and urea through sweat.

7.3 Transport of Substances in Plants

Transport of Water and Minerals

• Plants absorb water and minerals through root hairs.
• Xylem vessels transport water and minerals from roots to leaves.
• Transpiration helps in the movement of water, and it also cools the plant.

Transport of Food

• Food prepared in leaves during photosynthesis needs to be transported to all plant parts.
• Phloem is the vascular tissue responsible for transporting food.

Conclusion

• Transportation of substances is vital for the survival of animals and plants.
• In animals, the circulatory system, including the heart, blood vessels, and blood, plays a crucial role.
• Excretion eliminates waste products from the body.
• Plants use xylem and phloem to transport water, minerals, and food.
• Transpiration helps in water movement and cooling in plants.

Keywords and Definitions

• Artery: A blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
• Blood: A fluid that circulates in blood vessels, transporting substances in the body.
• Excretion: The removal of waste products from the body.
• Heartbeat: The rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart muscles.
• Pulse: The number of beats per minute, indicating heart rate.
• Red blood cell: Blood cell containing hemoglobin, responsible for oxygen transport.
• Root hair: Small hair-like structures on plant roots that increase surface area for water and nutrient absorption.
• Sweat: A liquid excreted by sweat glands in the skin, containing water and salts.
• Xylem: Vascular tissue responsible for transporting water and minerals in plants.
• Phloem: Vascular tissue responsible for transporting food in plants.
• Transpiration: The process by which plants release water vapor through small openings in their leaves.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q1: What is the main function of the circulatory system?

Answer: The circulatory system’s main function is to transport blood, which carries essential substances like oxygen and nutrients, to various parts of the body and remove waste products.

Q2: Why is blood red?

Answer: Blood is red due to the presence of hemoglobin in red blood cells, which binds with oxygen and gives blood its red color.

Q3: What is the role of kidneys in the excretory system?

Answer: Kidneys filter waste products from the blood and eliminate them as urine, maintaining the body’s balance of water and electrolytes.

Q4: How do plants transport water from roots to leaves?

Answer: Plants use xylem vessels to transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. This process is aided by transpiration, where water evaporates from the leaves.

Q5: What is the purpose of transpiration in plants?

Answer: Transpiration helps plants cool down and creates a suction force that aids in the movement of water and nutrients from roots to leaves.

Q6: What are the components of blood and their functions?

Answer: Blood consists of plasma (carries nutrients and waste), red blood cells (carry oxygen), white blood cells (immune defense), and platelets (blood clotting).

Q7: Why is excretion necessary in living organisms?

Answer: Excretion removes waste products and maintains the body’s internal environment, ensuring proper functioning and preventing the buildup of harmful substances.

This was the end of Transportation in Animals and Plants Class 7 Science NCERT Notes for Chapter 7 CBSE

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