03. Why Do We Need a Parliament? Political Science Class 8 Chapter 3 Notes

03. Why Do We Need a Parliament? Political Science Class 8 Chapter 3 Notes

Introduction to Chapter

This chapter explores the significance of Parliament in India as a democratic institution and its crucial role in law-making. It connects the concepts of citizen participation and decision-making within a parliamentary framework, emphasizing how citizens influence legislation and governance.: .,

Why should People Decide?

This section elaborates on the fundamental principle of democracy, which is the consent of the governed. The chapter asserts that citizens are key players in a democratic setup and their decisions shape government policies.

• The concept of democracy revolves around the active participation of citizens.
• Elections allow citizens to choose their representatives who then make decisions on their behalf.
• The need for representation in governance ensures that diverse viewpoints are considered.
• Elected representatives are accountable to the public and must respond to their constituents’ needs.
• Universal adult franchise enables all adults in India to vote, promoting inclusivity.
• It highlights the importance of civic engagement beyond voting, such as public demonstrations and discussions.
• Provides historical context of political participation from the struggle for independence to modern democracy.,
• Examples :
  : – Municipal laws affecting street vendors provide a context for discussing public protest.
• Historical examples, such as Rosa Parks’ activism, offer insights into civil rights movements.,

The Role of the Parliament

This section provides insights into the structure and functions of the Indian Parliament. It discusses the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha’s roles in law-making and government functioning.

• Parliament consists of the President, Rajya Sabha, and Lok Sabha, representing various sections of society.
• Elections determine the majority party, responsible for forming the government.
• The Lok Sabha, comprising elected representatives for a five-year term, plays a pivotal role in legislation.
• Rajya Sabha acts as a revising chamber, representing states and ensuring federal interests are considered.
• Parliament maintains checks and balances over the executive to secure accountability.
• The concept of coalition governments is explored, emphasizing political alliances in power dynamics.
• The mechanism of Question Hour allows MPs to inquire about government actions, maintaining transparency.,

How Do New Laws Come About?

This section narrates the process through which citizens can influence the creation of new laws. It takes a specific case study to illustrate this.

• Public demand and advocacy often initiate the drafting of new legislation.
• Non-governmental organizations and activists play a crucial role in identifying social issues.
• The drafting of bills involves multiple stages, including public consultations and parliamentary discussion.
• Emphasizes the importance of activism and testimony in shaping law.
• Collaboration between citizens, organizations, and lawmakers fosters effective legislation.
• The passage of laws requires feedback and debate within Parliament to address societal needs.,

Unpopular and Controversial Laws

This section discusses laws that may be legal but are viewed as unfair or harmful by sections of society. It explores how citizens can respond to such laws.

• Public dissent can lead to re-evaluation and change of laws perceived as discriminatory.
• Examples of such laws often focus on social justice issues, illustrating public engagement.
• The process of protesting and lobbying against unpopular laws to effect change is emphasized.
• The mechanism for citizens to challenge laws in courts, ensuring rights protection is highlighted.,

Conclusion

The chapter underscores the integral role of Parliament in India’s democracy, emphasizing the need for citizen participation in governance and law-making. It illustrates how these processes affect the lives of individuals and communities, reinforcing the principles of democracy and equality.: .

Keywords and Definitions:

• Democracy: A system of government where citizens exercise power directly or through elected representatives.
• Parliament: The supreme legislative body in a country, responsible for making and passing laws.
• Universal Adult Franchise: The right for all adults to vote, ensuring inclusivity and representation in elections.
• Legislation: The process of making or enacting laws.
• Coalition Government: A temporary alliance between parties that join together to form a government when no single party achieves a majority.
• Opposition: Political parties not in the governing coalition that challenge and critique government policies.
• Sedition: Activities aimed at inciting rebellion against the authority of the state.